Producer surplus ??????? ?????????????
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December 6, 2024
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Why is producer surplus zero?
When supply is perfectly elastic, it is depicted as a horizontal line. Producer surplus is zero because the price is not flexible. Producers cannot provide a higher price than market price. When supply is perfectly inelastic, it is depicted as a vertical line.
???????? ??? ????? “producer surplus” ? ?????? ????????:
What increases producer surplus?
Producer surplus is likely to increase when a firm benefits from an increase in market demand. For example, farmers might be able to increase their prices when consumer demand rises – this is shown in the diagram. When demand shifts outwards from D1 to D2, the equilibrium price rises from P1 to P2.
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- ? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????, ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????.
- ??? ? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? (? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????).
- ????????, ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????? OQ1 ?? ???? ??1.
- ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ????????????? ??????????? Linguee.
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??? ???????? ???????? ????, ? ???? ?????? (??????? ?????????????) ???? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? (P (I)). ????????, ??????, ????????????? ????? ??????? 500 ???????? ?? $ 5 ????? ? ????????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? $ 8 ?? ???????. ???? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? $ 8, ?? ????? ???????? 4000 ????. ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????, (? ?????? ?????? $ 2500), ? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? $ 1500 ($ 4000 — $ 2500). ???????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? 1.
Consumer surplus. ??????? ???????????
- ??? ???????? ???????? ????, ? ???? ?????? (??????? ?????????????) ???? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? (P (I)).
- ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? 1.
- ? ????? ????? ??????? AE ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? OPe, ??????? ????, ??? ?? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????.
- ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????.
- ? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? (??????? ?????????? ???????), ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????.
????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????. ????????, ??? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?????, ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????. ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ? ?????????????????, ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????. ???????????, ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????? (? ????? ? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????). ??? ? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? (? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????).
Can consumer surplus be negative?
Consumer surplus can be positive or negative. It will be positive if the market price of a good is less than the price the customer is ready to pay. In contrast, it will be negative if the market price is greater than the customer's willingness to pay.
